Green Iguana

The green iguana grows from 10 in at birth up to 7 ft.  Two-thirds of its body length consists of its tail and is covered in scales.  This lizard has a large head and a rounded snout;  each of its limbs has five digits with long sharp claws attached to each.  Under their chin and neck hangs a loose, comb-edged flap of skin called a dewlap.  They are bright green in color, which dulls with age.They live in the trees of the tropical Americas, usually above water.  They lay eggs into a nest which measures 3 to 6 ft long and 2 ft deep.  In a three month period, these animals lay approximately 20 to 45 eggs.  The males and females of this species are normally told apart by the size of their head, dewlap, and scales.  The males have the larger heads, dewlaps, and scales.   The claws and tail mentioned above are used by the iguana for climbing.  The claws grab hold while the tail keeps the lizard balanced.  This tail has another function as well, it acts as a main self-defense feature; when approached by a predator, they distract the attacker by thrashing their tail (sometimes they even break part of their tail off....don't worry, it grows back). They also have comb-like spines from their neck to the last third of the tail, which makes it more difficult for the iguana to be swallowed by predators.
             The green iguana does not possess a temperature regulation system.  Because of this, the iguana must depend on its behavioral adaptations to maintain body temperature.  When they need to be warmer, they either lay directly in the sun or beside something reflecting the sun.  When they need to cool, obviously, they rest in the shade.

Dwarf crocodile animals

The muzzle of the dwarf crocodile is broad, blunt, and short; hence the name  "Broadfronted."  It measures at about 1.20 meters in length; however, some have reached lengths of 1.50-1.80 meters.  The dwarf  crocodile gets its name because it is the smallest of all crocodiles.  With  the largest crocodile reaching lengths of 27 feet and weigh up to a ton, it is easy to see how a  crocodile of about 3 feet could be dubbed "dwarf." Alligators and crocodiles are easily confused and exhibit several major physical differences. Alligators have broader heads and blunter snouts. Their lower teeth fit inside the edge of the upper jaw and cannot be seen when the lipless mouth is closed. The crocodile's fourth tooth in each side of the lower jaw is located lying in a notch in the upper jaw and is always visible. The teeth are used for seizing and holding prey instead of for chewing. They are replaced continuously as new ones grow up, forcing old ones out. Like all crocodiles, the dwarf has rigid teeth and tough scales, which cover  the body.  During early years of existence, the dwarf crocodile is yellow with a brown tint.  The infant dwarf crocodile also has black spots on its belly and back.  However, with age, the dwarf crocodile grows to resemble other forms of crocodiles in color.  By maturity, the dwarf crocodile is dark brown or black.  The scales become harder and the bony palates that protect the back are more dense.The term crocodilian is applied to any of the order Crocodilia alligators, caimans, and gavials, as well as true crocodiles. There are about 20 species of living crocodilians, all of which are lizardlike, egg-laying carnivores. The Dwarf Crocodile, known as the Broadfronted crocodile, or scientifically  Osteolaemus tetraspis comes from Africa.There are two subspecies of the Dwarf crocodile.  The West African Dwarf  crocodile or Osteolaemus tetraspis inhabits the forest areas of  Liberia, Calabar, Cameroon, Sierra Lenone and Gaboon.  Paul du Chaillu  discovered this subspecies.  The snout of this subspecies appears swollen.  The Osteolaemus tetraspis osborni hails from the upper Congo region and can be  found mainly in the Ituri Forest.  This subspecies lacks the swollen appearance of the Broadface. Crocodilians are carnivores and are nocturnal that is, mostly active at night. During the day they often lie at the water's edge in large numbers, sunning themselves. At night they retreat to the water, where they live solitary lives and establish individual territories.
                     These dwarf crocodiles at the Fort Worth Zoo are typically at rest. They may be found lying on rocks or floating in the water. They also seem to enjoy watching the people watching them. This is most notable when you look into their eyes. It's easy to determine how they are different from alligators by observing them. It’s apparent that they are crocodiles by the fourth tooth being easily visible. Most of their coloring is dark brown indicating that they are a majority of mature adults. Their small size for their coloring tells you that they are dwarfs. Looking above at the picture of the dwarf crocodile it’s easy to see these physical traits.

Pancake Tortoise

Pancake tortoises are small and flat with a thin, flexible shell. The shell is normally 6 to 7 inches long and an inch or so high. On the legs, they have bigger scales with points that project downward and outward. Usually the shell has radiating dark lines on the carapace (upper part of the shell). The plastron (bottom part of shell) is also pale yellow but with dark brown seams and light yellow rays. Juveniles have pale yellow top shells with black seams and yellow rays. Some may have brown spots on their back. The carapace of juveniles is more domed than that of adults.Males can be distinguished from females by their larger and longer tails; However they are smaller than the females and have less distinctive patterns on their shell.
Pancake tortoises live in colonies but the colonies are usually isolated from each other.  Within one habitat they coexist and many individuals may share the same crevice amicably. Males may fight during the breeding season in January and February.The pancake tortoise is adapted to fitting into tight crevices. Even larger individuals are less than 2 inches high. The shell is so thin and flexible that the plastron moves in and out when the animal breathes. Since the tortoise ould easily be torn apart by predators, it relies on its speed and flexibility to escape from dangerous situations. With the reduced weight of the shell, it can move much more quickly than other species.It was once thought that it could puff its body up with air to wedge itself in place, but this has been found not to be true. Instead, it orients its spiky legs outward so that it is almost impossible to dislodge. Also this animal can also climb vertically. Because they are so light they can turn themselves over with ease if they fall on their backs.In the wild breeding is in January-February with nesting in July-August.They lay eggs that are about two inches long. The eggs can incubated at about 30 degrees Celsius for 140 to 190 days. Combat between males prior to breeding can lead to better reproductive success.  In captivity breeding can be any time of the year. Captive animals can live 25 years and perhaps longer.

Asian Elephant

The Asian ElephantSocial unit: gregarious and roam about in herds (of 15-20) led by an old female; Defense: tusks are used as a tool for feeding and as a weapon; Reproduction: gestation lasts 22 months and an adult female gives birth about every 4 years starting at about age 13.A thirsty elephant can drink 200 liters of water in about 4 min. A charging elephant can reach speeds of up to 40 km/h. Blood vessels in their ears work as a cooling system. The ears are used as fans. Their bones are massive and lack bone marrow; this allows them to have a maximum amount of support. They go through 6 sets of teeth in 1 lifetime. This is due to the constant wearing during feeding.The Fort Worth Zoo has an amazing exhibit of Asian Elephants. They have their own pool that is drained and refilled almost daily. They have two "chambers" to roam and eat in. The zoo offers several places for a spectator to view them. One may view the elephants from the front, behind, and above. Because of the wonderful environment, they are very tame and peaceful to observe.

The elephants are given tires, barrels, and other "behavioral enrichment" toys. The FW Zoo has a coordinator of enrichment. The coordinator observes how the animals use the toys they are givenFort Worth Zoo currently has 4 Asian Elephants. There is 1 bull, and 3 cows (this is 1 male, 3 adult females). Two came in 1985, one in 1988. They have come from NY, KY, WI, and Tyler TX. The Fort Worth Zoo does have a breeding program.

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Dama Wallaby Dama Wallaby

There are many different species of wallabies, but the dama wallaby are just a little different from the rest.  They are mostly nocturnal animals in the wild, but they do forage and catch some sun during the day.  They have small front legs having five digits with a sharp claw.  Their hind legs are very powerful and much larger.  Their hind legs have four toes with the end ones being much smaller than the middle ones.  The smaller toes have double claws which they use as a comb.  They have long tails which they use for balance when leaping and as a third leg when sitting.  The head and body length is about 26 inches, with a tail about 15 to 17 inches long.  They sit about 18 inches tall and weigh between 9 and 22 pounds.  They are usually dark brown or gray looking, with short rough fur.  Males are usually larger than females because they grow a little faster when maturing. Dama wallabies give a warning thump with their hind legs when they feel that they are in danger.  Because they are mostly nocturnal in the wild they are able to survive better.  Their size is another contributing factor to their survival, because they are small they can hide in tall vegetation from
predators.  Dama wallabies are also known to be kept as pets because they are small and fairly easy to keep.  They can live up to 28 years in captivity and up to 18 in the wild.  An unusual trait about the Dama wallaby is that it mostly sits on its tail.  Instead of the tail dragging behind like most animals, the Dama wallaby sits on its tail with it being straight in front. The dama wallabies breeding season is January to June or August.  Males are sexually mature at two years and females are sexually mature at nine months.  The gestation period for dama wallabies is twenty eight days.  The newborn joey climbs into the pouch on its own and feeds until it is ready to look out into the world.  The joey's usually do not peak out of their mothers pouches until they are about 150 days old.

Cribou Animals

Mammal. Caribou and reindeer are the same species. They are the only deer whose males and females both have antlers. The antlers grow forward and the caribou use them in the winter to dig through snow for food. Some caribou migrate more than 4,828 kilometers (3,000 miles) per year. Their concave-shaped hooves are adapted for deep snow, holding the caribou up like snowshoes. In water, their hooves act as paddles. Caribou have been clocked running as fast as 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. A caribou sensing danger gives off a special scent that warns other caribou to keep their distance.There are seven subspecies of caribou, totaling approximately 5 million individuals. Two subspecies have already been driven to extinction. Today caribou can be found in parts of North America, Russia and Scandinavia. In the United States, two subspecies can be found. Rangifer tarandus granti or barren ground caribou, more well-known due to their long-distance migrations, total 950,000 and occur throughout Alaska and northern Canada.

There are two ecotypes within the Rangifer tarandus caribou, or woodland caribou, subspecies: mountain woodland caribou and northern woodland caribou. This distinction is based largely on habitat use and behavior Woodland caribou have been reduced to one tiny population in the U.S., in far northern Idaho and northeastern Washington. This population, known as the International Selkirk population, is extremely rare with only about 40 individuals left. These last caribou in the continental U.S. are a type of woodland caribou known as mountain caribou because they migrate to high alpine peaks in the winter. The worldwide population of mountain caribou has plummeted recently to fewer than 2000, in small, isolated populations at severe risk of elimination.Historically woodland caribou inhabited the forests of the Northern United States from Maine to Washington State, but have been reduced to one small herd in the Selkirk Mountains of northern Idaho, eastern Washington and southern British Columbia. This last U.S. herd is reduced to approximately 35 memberCaribou are well-known for their ability to use tree growing (arboreal) lichens as a major food source. As a result they are most often associated with mature coniferous forests that provide substantial quantities of tree lichens. that tend to stay mostly in the Canadian part of its range.

Jaguars Animals

Jaguars live a life of solitude which enables them to roam and learn the land. After mating, the male jaguar leaves the mom to raise the young and continues a life of solitude.    Cubs stay with the mother for two years, getting lessons in hunting from mom.   They learn what else lives around them and where to find good food sources.  Although they reach sexual maturity at the age of three, they leave to establish their own territories at the age of two.  A jaguar lives to be about 22 years old.
    Jaguars can be distinguished from leopards because jaguars have a more muscular looking body and a shorter tail.  According to an Indian myth, jaguars got their rosettes by dipping their paws in mud and dabbing  it on their coat.
    Principle threats to the extinction of these animals are deforestation, fragmentation of forests, competition for prey, and hunting.  As the demand for their skin rises, they are poached more and are also sometimes killed by ranchers who fear that they will attack their livestock.  Because this species is endangered, hunting of this animal is prohibited and is restricted to "problem animals."  They have no protection in Ecuador and Guyana. Jaguars have jaws and a large head especially equipped for piecing the skull of their prey with their canines.  They are the only big cats which practice this habit.  Unlike other large cats, who attack at the neck, jaguars often kill their prey with a single bite to the back of the head.  They are called "occipital crunchers." They are primarily nocturnal with activity levels high at dawn and dusk.  Jaguars are exceptional swimmers to accommodate their living style.  Because they may live in rain forests and flooded swamp areas this adaptation comes in handy when trying to cool off or catch food.  Jaguars are the only "roaring" cat which also makes them unique from other large cats.
 The jaguars were born in the Guadalajara Zoo in Mexico, and transferred via the Audobon Zoo in New Orleans.  The male and female are not related, but are potential breeders.  The female was hand-raised by her keepers, and seems to be more inclined to interact with people than the male.  Even though the female was hand-raised, she is considered to be a wild animal and keepers take precautions around her.  Their diet in the zoo is prepared by the Nutritional Services Department. Thursdays are fast days, on which they receive only bones.  This is similar to their feeding habits in the wild. There are two jaguars at the Fort Worth Zoo.  Sadly enough one of them has his/her front right paw missing.  The reason the paw is missing is because it was bit off by another jaguar.  When I went to visit them they were very active.  They played with each other and engaged themselves into a serious wrestling match.  The exhibit that they were in seemed really small for as large of an animal as they are.  It was about the size of a small class room.  Because these animals are typically hunters and roamers, I expected their cage to be much bigger.  However the circumstances, they seemed to be two healthy happy.

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